GE-7 (1986)
Popular Vote vs Seats
How closely each coalition's seats match its popular vote — the Gallagher disproportionality index, the winner's bonus and the effective number of parties (ENP) over time.
Gallagher index6.30▼ 26.40 vs previous
Effective parties (votes)1.96▲ 0.17 vs previous
Effective parties (seats)1.69▲ 0.69 vs previous
Winner's bonus+7.0 ptsBN
How to read this
- BN won 64.4% of the votes but 71.4% of the seats.
- Gallagher index 6.3: 0 means seats match votes exactly; above 10 indicates high disproportionality (common under first-past-the-post).
- The effective number of parties by votes is 2.0 — roughly how many serious contenders there really were.
Vote % vs seat % (%) GE-7 (1986) · Negeri Sembilan
Gallagher index Lower = more proportional
Effective number of parties (ENP) Laakso–Taagepera: 1 ÷ Σ(share²)
Votes & seats breakdown — GE-7 (1986)
| Coalition | Contested | Votes | % votes | Won | % seats | Gap (pts) | Vote % vs seat % |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BN Profile | 7 | 135,530 | 64.4% | 5 | 71.4% | +7.0 | |
| Independent / no coalition | 5 | 63,807 | 30.3% | 2 | 28.6% | -1.8 | |
| HAK Profile | 3 | 10,992 | 5.2% | 0 | 0.0% | -5.2 |
Indices for each election
| GE | Gallagher index | Effective parties (votes) | Effective parties (seats) | Winner's bonus |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GE-15 (2022) | 26.99 | 2.83 | 1.88 | +30.3 |
| GE-14 (2018) | 9.36 | 2.32 | 1.88 | +8.6 |
| GE-13 (2013) | 10.81 | 2.07 | 1.88 | +11.6 |
| GE-12 (2008) | 7.65 | 1.99 | 1.88 | +7.7 |
| GE-11 (2004) | 26.13 | 1.87 | 1.00 | +30.1 |
| GE-10 (1999) | 40.80 | 1.93 | 1.00 | +40.8 |
| GE-9 (1995) | 25.97 | 1.87 | 1.00 | +30.0 |
| GE-8 (1990) | 34.59 | 2.25 | 1.00 | +39.8 |
| GE-7 (1986) | 6.30 | 1.96 | 1.69 | +7.0 |
| GE-6 (1982) | 32.70 | 1.79 | 1.00 | +32.7 |
| GE-5 (1978) | 25.73 | 1.95 | 1.38 | +25.7 |
| GE-4 (1974) | 21.66 | 1.90 | 1.38 | +21.7 |
| GE-3 (1969) | 3.64 | 1.99 | 2.00 | +3.6 |
| GE-2 (1964) | 35.35 | 2.30 | 1.00 | +40.7 |
| GE-1 (1959) | 13.34 | 2.39 | 1.80 | +14.9 |
| Federal Legislative Council 1955 | 16.07 | 1.37 | 1.00 | +16.1 |
Popular vote counts contested seats only; seats won unopposed count only as seats. "Independent / no coalition" includes non-aligned parties.