State Election Round 15 (2021–2025)
Popular Vote vs Seats
How closely each coalition's seats match its popular vote — the Gallagher disproportionality index, the winner's bonus and the effective number of parties (ENP) over time.
Gallagher index21.41▲ 14.31 vs previous
Effective parties (votes)2.93▲ 0.66 vs previous
Effective parties (seats)2.54▲ 0.57 vs previous
Winner's bonus+8.6 ptsPH
How to read this
- PH won 38.7% of the votes but 47.2% of the seats.
- Gallagher index 21.4: 0 means seats match votes exactly; above 10 indicates high disproportionality (common under first-past-the-post).
- The effective number of parties by votes is 2.9 — roughly how many serious contenders there really were.
Vote % vs seat % (%) State Election Round 15 (2021–2025) · Negeri Sembilan
Gallagher index Lower = more proportional
Effective number of parties (ENP) Laakso–Taagepera: 1 ÷ Σ(share²)
Votes & seats breakdown — State Election Round 15 (2021–2025)
| Coalition | Contested | Votes | % votes | Won | % seats | Gap (pts) | Vote % vs seat % |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PH Profile | 19 | 225,180 | 38.7% | 17 | 47.2% | +8.6 | |
| BN Profile | 17 | 129,548 | 22.2% | 14 | 38.9% | +16.6 | |
| PN Profile | 36 | 219,303 | 37.7% | 5 | 13.9% | -23.8 | |
| Independent / no coalition | 11 | 8,424 | 1.4% | 0 | 0.0% | -1.4 |
Indices for each election
| GE | Gallagher index | Effective parties (votes) | Effective parties (seats) | Winner's bonus |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| State Election Round 16 (2026) | 12.45 | 3.03 | 2.62 | +14.4 |
| State Election Round 15 (2021–2025) | 21.41 | 2.93 | 2.54 | +8.6 |
| State Election Round 14 (2018–2020) | 7.10 | 2.27 | 1.98 | +1.7 |
| State Election Round 13 (2013–2018) | 8.94 | 2.03 | 1.91 | +9.3 |
| State Election Round 12 (2008–2021) | 5.00 | 1.99 | 1.95 | +5.0 |
| State Election Round 11 (2004–2016) | 23.32 | 1.94 | 1.12 | +26.4 |
| State Election Round 10 (1999–2011) | 39.71 | 1.93 | 1.00 | +39.8 |
| State Election Round 9 (1995–2006) | 17.90 | 1.78 | 1.13 | +21.2 |
| State Election Round 8 (1990–2001) | 21.36 | 2.21 | 1.32 | +24.2 |
| State Election Round 7 (1986–1996) | 20.83 | 2.02 | 1.32 | +23.1 |
| State Election Round 6 (1982–1991) | 25.33 | 1.81 | 1.18 | +25.3 |
| State Election Round 5 (1978–1987) | 28.17 | 1.93 | 1.28 | +28.2 |
| State Election Round 4 (1974–1983) | 26.67 | 1.91 | 1.28 | +26.7 |
| State Election Round 3 (1969–1979) | 20.46 | 1.99 | 1.80 | +20.5 |
| State Election Round 2 (1964–1974) | 35.74 | 2.33 | 1.00 | +41.3 |
| State Election Round 1 (1959–1969) | 25.27 | 2.42 | 1.40 | +27.5 |
Popular vote counts contested seats only; seats won unopposed count only as seats. "Independent / no coalition" includes non-aligned parties.