GE-3 (1969)
Popular Vote vs Seats
How closely each coalition's seats match its popular vote — the Gallagher disproportionality index, the winner's bonus and the effective number of parties (ENP) over time.
Gallagher index48.85▲ 12.10 vs previous
Effective parties (votes)2.00▲ 0.13 vs previous
Effective parties (seats)1.00no change
Winner's bonus+48.8 ptsPERIKATAN
How to read this
- PERIKATAN won 51.2% of the votes but 100.0% of the seats.
- Gallagher index 48.8: 0 means seats match votes exactly; above 10 indicates high disproportionality (common under first-past-the-post).
- The effective number of parties by votes is 2.0 — roughly how many serious contenders there really were.
Vote % vs seat % (%) GE-3 (1969) · Perlis
Gallagher index Lower = more proportional
Effective number of parties (ENP) Laakso–Taagepera: 1 ÷ Σ(share²)
Votes & seats breakdown — GE-3 (1969)
| Coalition | Contested | Votes | % votes | Won | % seats | Gap (pts) | Vote % vs seat % |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PERIKATAN Profile | 2 | 22,195 | 51.2% | 2 | 100.0% | +48.8 | |
| Independent / no coalition | 3 | 21,196 | 48.8% | 0 | 0.0% | -48.8 |
Indices for each election
| GE | Gallagher index | Effective parties (votes) | Effective parties (seats) | Winner's bonus |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GE-15 (2022) | 39.15 | 2.57 | 1.00 | +45.9 |
| GE-14 (2018) | 25.75 | 2.86 | 1.80 | +27.8 |
| GE-13 (2013) | 44.47 | 1.99 | 1.00 | +44.6 |
| GE-12 (2008) | 39.85 | 1.92 | 1.00 | +39.9 |
| GE-11 (2004) | 36.28 | 1.86 | 1.00 | +36.3 |
| GE-10 (1999) | 43.83 | 1.97 | 1.00 | +43.8 |
| GE-9 (1995) | 31.52 | 1.76 | 1.00 | +31.5 |
| GE-8 (1990) | 34.55 | 1.83 | 1.00 | +34.5 |
| GE-7 (1986) | 33.53 | 1.80 | 1.00 | +33.5 |
| GE-6 (1982) | 32.20 | 1.77 | 1.00 | +32.2 |
| GE-5 (1978) | 39.25 | 1.91 | 1.00 | +39.3 |
| GE-4 (1974) | 33.01 | 1.79 | 1.00 | +33.0 |
| GE-3 (1969) | 48.85 | 2.00 | 1.00 | +48.8 |
| GE-2 (1964) | 36.75 | 1.87 | 1.00 | +36.8 |
| GE-1 (1959) | 40.37 | 1.93 | 1.00 | +40.4 |
| Federal Legislative Council 1955 | 33.16 | 1.80 | 1.00 | +33.2 |
Popular vote counts contested seats only; seats won unopposed count only as seats. "Independent / no coalition" includes non-aligned parties.