GE-7 (1986)
Popular Vote vs Seats
How closely each coalition's seats match its popular vote — the Gallagher disproportionality index, the winner's bonus and the effective number of parties (ENP) over time.
Gallagher index28.01
Effective parties (votes)1.68
Effective parties (seats)1.00
Winner's bonus+28.0 ptsIndependent / no coalition
How to read this
- Independent / no coalition won 72.0% of the votes but 100.0% of the seats.
- Gallagher index 28.0: 0 means seats match votes exactly; above 10 indicates high disproportionality (common under first-past-the-post).
- The effective number of parties by votes is 1.7 — roughly how many serious contenders there really were.
Vote % vs seat % (%) GE-7 (1986) · W.P. Labuan
Gallagher index Lower = more proportional
Effective number of parties (ENP) Laakso–Taagepera: 1 ÷ Σ(share²)
Votes & seats breakdown — GE-7 (1986)
| Coalition | Contested | Votes | % votes | Won | % seats | Gap (pts) | Vote % vs seat % |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Independent / no coalition | 4 | 5,820 | 72.0% | 1 | 100.0% | +28.0 | |
| BN Profile | 1 | 2,265 | 28.0% | 0 | 0.0% | -28.0 |
Indices for each election
| GE | Gallagher index | Effective parties (votes) | Effective parties (seats) | Winner's bonus |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GE-15 (2022) | 58.43 | 3.94 | 1.00 | +71.4 |
| GE-14 (2018) | 47.35 | 2.50 | 1.00 | +52.4 |
| GE-13 (2013) | 33.71 | 1.81 | 1.00 | +33.7 |
| GE-12 (2008) | 20.16 | 1.61 | 1.00 | +23.0 |
| GE-11 (2004) | 22.32 | 1.53 | 1.00 | +22.3 |
| GE-10 (1999) | 25.07 | 1.81 | 1.00 | +28.7 |
| GE-9 (1995) | 30.21 | 1.73 | 1.00 | +30.2 |
| GE-8 (1990) | 40.31 | 1.93 | 1.00 | +40.3 |
| GE-7 (1986) | 28.01 | 1.68 | 1.00 | +28.0 |
Popular vote counts contested seats only; seats won unopposed count only as seats. "Independent / no coalition" includes non-aligned parties.