GE-9 (1995)

Popular Vote vs Seats

How closely each coalition's seats match its popular vote — the Gallagher disproportionality index, the winner's bonus and the effective number of parties (ENP) over time.

Gallagher index6.11▼ 3.76 vs previous

Effective parties (votes)2.13▼ 0.29 vs previous

Effective parties (seats)1.92no change

Winner's bonus+1.1 ptsBN

How to read this

BN won 58.9% of the votes but 60.0% of the seats.
Gallagher index 6.1: 0 means seats match votes exactly; above 10 indicates high disproportionality (common under first-past-the-post).
The effective number of parties by votes is 2.1 — roughly how many serious contenders there really were.

Vote % vs seat % (%) GE-9 (1995) · W.P. Kuala Lumpur

Gallagher index Lower = more proportional

Effective number of parties (ENP) Laakso–Taagepera: 1 ÷ Σ(share²)

Votes & seats breakdown — GE-9 (1995)

Coalition	Contested	Votes	% votes	Won	% seats	Gap (pts)
BN Profile	10	232,018	58.9%	6	60.0%	+1.1
GR Profile	7	135,965	34.5%	4	40.0%	+5.5
APU Profile	4	25,862	6.6%	0	0.0%	-6.6
Independent / no coalition	2	326	0.1%	0	0.0%	-0.1

Indices for each election

GE	Gallagher index	Effective parties (votes)	Effective parties (seats)	Winner's bonus
GE-15 (2022)	24.77	2.19	1.20	+28.3
GE-14 (2018)	25.12	2.11	1.20	+26.5
GE-13 (2013)	16.78	1.86	1.42	+17.2
GE-12 (2008)	28.90	1.89	1.20	+29.0
GE-11 (2004)	14.57	2.33	1.86	+5.5
GE-10 (1999)	9.60	2.02	1.92	+9.8
GE-9 (1995)	6.11	2.13	1.92	+1.1
GE-8 (1990)	9.87	2.42	1.96	+10.3
GE-7 (1986)	5.28	2.21	1.96	+3.9
GE-6 (1982)	9.85	2.00	1.92	+9.8
GE-5 (1978)	14.95	1.60	1.92	-15.0
GE-4 (1974)	3.98	1.97	1.92	+4.0

Popular vote counts contested seats only; seats won unopposed count only as seats. "Independent / no coalition" includes non-aligned parties.