State Election Round 12 (2008–2021)
Popular Vote vs Seats
How closely each coalition's seats match its popular vote — the Gallagher disproportionality index, the winner's bonus and the effective number of parties (ENP) over time.
Gallagher index27.86▲ 5.11 vs previous
Effective parties (votes)2.17▲ 0.10 vs previous
Effective parties (seats)1.16▼ 0.11 vs previous
Winner's bonus+31.4 ptsGPS
How to read this
- GPS won 61.3% of the votes but 92.7% of the seats.
- Gallagher index 27.9: 0 means seats match votes exactly; above 10 indicates high disproportionality (common under first-past-the-post).
- The effective number of parties by votes is 2.2 — roughly how many serious contenders there really were.
Vote % vs seat % (%) State Election Round 12 (2008–2021) · Sarawak
Gallagher index Lower = more proportional
Effective number of parties (ENP) Laakso–Taagepera: 1 ÷ Σ(share²)
Votes & seats breakdown — State Election Round 12 (2008–2021)
| Coalition | Contested | Votes | % votes | Won | % seats | Gap (pts) | Vote % vs seat % |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GPS Profile | 82 | 457,233 | 61.3% | 76 | 92.7% | +31.4 | |
| Independent / no coalition | 178 | 203,364 | 27.2% | 4 | 4.9% | -22.4 | |
| PH Profile | 62 | 78,197 | 10.5% | 2 | 2.4% | -8.0 | |
| GASAK Profile | 26 | 5,497 | 0.7% | 0 | 0.0% | -0.7 | |
| PN Profile | 1 | 2,058 | 0.3% | 0 | 0.0% | -0.3 |
Indices for each election
| GE | Gallagher index | Effective parties (votes) | Effective parties (seats) | Winner's bonus |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| State Election Round 12 (2008–2021) | 27.86 | 2.17 | 1.16 | +31.4 |
| State Election Round 11 (2004–2016) | 22.76 | 2.07 | 1.27 | +25.6 |
| State Election Round 10 (1999–2011) | 21.16 | 2.09 | 1.55 | +22.1 |
| State Election Round 9 (1995–2006) | 24.41 | 1.87 | 1.28 | +24.4 |
| State Election Round 8 (1990–2001) | 25.61 | 1.70 | 1.07 | +25.6 |
| State Election Round 7 (1986–1996) | 25.32 | 1.80 | 1.17 | +25.3 |
| State Election Round 6 (1982–1991) | 24.75 | 1.88 | 1.28 | +24.7 |
| State Election Round 5 (1978–1987) | 3.09 | 1.98 | 1.95 | +3.1 |
| State Election Round 4 (1974–1983) | 16.28 | 1.99 | 1.88 | +16.3 |
| State Election Round 3 (1969–1979) | 33.02 | 1.91 | 1.13 | +33.0 |
| State Election Round 2 (1964–1974) | 7.08 | 1.98 | 1.88 | +7.1 |
| State Election Round 1 (1959–1969) | 5.82 | 1.61 | 1.75 | -5.8 |
Popular vote counts contested seats only; seats won unopposed count only as seats. "Independent / no coalition" includes non-aligned parties.